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EXPLORING HYDROGEN BONDING IN SECONDARY AND TERTIARY AMINES FOR ENHANCED TSSE EFFICIENCY: INSIGHTS FROM NMR ANALYSIS

Abstract

Temperature Swing Solvent Extraction (TSSE) is an emerging technology for efficient separations, leveraging the hydrogen bonding capabilities of amines. This study investigates the role of hydrogen bonding in secondary and tertiary amines, focusing on diisopropylamine (DIPA) and triethylamine (TEA), using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and computational modeling through WebMO. The analysis provides insights into how hydrogen bonding influences amine behavior and their efficiency in desalination processes. NMR spectroscopy revealed distinct differences in hydrogen bonding effects between secondary and tertiary amines. For DIPA, the presence of hydrogen bonding caused notable broadening of the N-H proton peak on the H NMR spectrum, reflecting hydrogen exchange interactions. Without hydrogen bonding, the peak sharpened, and coupling effects became evident. Additional changes, including the disappearance of specific peaks and shifts in chemical environments, highlighted the dynamic influence of hydrogen bonding on molecular interactions. In contrast, TEA exhibited minimal spectral changes in the H NMR, indicating weaker hydrogen bonding interactions due to its tertiary structure. Peaks shifted slightly, and one peak disappeared, but the overall effects were less pronounced than those observed with DIPA. These differences align with the structural characteristics of secondary and tertiary amines, with secondary amines forming stronger hydrogen bonds due to the availability of N-H protons. This study demonstrates the critical role of hydrogen bonding in the performance of amines in TSSE, particularly in water recovery and desalination efficiency. The findings from NMR spectroscopy and computational modeling underscore the superiority of secondary amines in forming robust hydrogen bonds, thereby enhancing separation processes. This research advances the understanding of solvent behavior in TSSE and lays the groundwork for optimizing amine selection in future applications.

Acknowledgements

Georgia Gwinnett College STEC Research Funds

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